Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

21.4K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
21.4K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.7K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
11.7K
Valence Bond Theory02:45

Valence Bond Theory

51.5K
Overview of Valence Bond Theory
51.5K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

31.8K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
31.8K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

49.7K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
49.7K
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

965
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
965

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Oncological Safety of Minimally Invasive Multivisceral Resection for cT4b Rectal Cancer: A Multicenter Comparison With Open Surgery.

In vivo (Athens, Greece)·2026
Same author

Risk factors for postoperative complications after colorectal surgery in patients aged ≥ 80 years: A multicenter retrospective study.

Surgery today·2026
Same author

A theoretical study of molecular positron binding based on a correlation-polarization potential approach combined with position-dependent dielectric density functional theory.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Efficacy and safety of right neck phrenic nerve pacing in patients undergoing Cryoablation for atrial fibrillation.

Journal of cardiology·2026
Same author

Osimertinib-associated cardiac dysfunction in epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: a single-center three-case series requiring hospitalization.

Respiratory medicine case reports·2026
Same author

Effects of tirzepatide, a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, on blood pressure, cardiac function, and sympathetic nervous system in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
12:43

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

9.2K

Term rules for simple metal clusters.

Daisuke Yoshida1, Hannes Raebiger1,2

  • 1Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan.

Scientific Reports
|October 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Hund's rules for atoms don't apply to molecules. New rules based on bonding and symmetry accurately predict ground states for aluminum clusters (Al2 and Al3), guiding future cluster studies.

Area of Science:

  • Computational Chemistry
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Hund's rules are established for isolated atoms.
  • These rules lack generalization for molecular systems and atomic clusters.
  • Understanding molecular term stability is crucial for predicting cluster properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend Hund's rules to molecular systems.
  • To investigate the ground state terms of Al2 and Al3 clusters.
  • To develop generalizable rules for determining ground state terms in multi-atom clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Benchmark electronic structure calculations were performed.
  • Investigated high and low-spin states for Al2 and Al3.
  • Analyzed bonding structures and symmetries of the clusters.

More Related Videos

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.6K
Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

11.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 31, 2026

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
12:43

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

9.2K
Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.6K
Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

11.9K

Main Results:

  • Identified the ground state terms for Al2 as (3)Πu and for Al3 as .
  • Demonstrated that relative stabilities correlate with bonding and symmetry.
  • Established simple rules applicable to arbitrary multi-atom clusters.

Conclusions:

  • The developed rules provide a generalized approach beyond atomic Hund's rules.
  • These principles are effective for predicting ground state terms in aluminum clusters.
  • Offers a pathway for understanding and designing properties of larger atomic clusters.