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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
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Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach
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Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach

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Distal Biceps Injuries.

John Haverstock1, George S Athwal1, Ruby Grewal1

  • 1Roth McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.

Hand Clinics
|October 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This review covers distal biceps tendon injuries, detailing their occurrence, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. It compares the advantages and disadvantages of single and double incision surgical repair methods.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Musculoskeletal Research

Background:

  • Distal biceps tendon injuries are increasingly recognized.
  • Understanding the nuances of these injuries is crucial for effective patient management.
  • Current literature presents evolving diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of distal biceps tendon injuries.
  • To outline recent advancements in incidence, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To critically evaluate surgical repair techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of notable and recent studies.
  • Analysis of classic and contemporary literature on distal biceps tendon injuries.
  • Comparative discussion of 1- and 2-incision repair techniques.
Keywords:
Distal biceps injuriesDistal biceps repairOne-incision repairTwo-incision repair

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Main Results:

  • Recent studies highlight trends in injury incidence and clinical presentation.
  • Diagnostic modalities have improved for accurate identification.
  • Both 1- and 2-incision techniques demonstrate varying benefits and risks.

Conclusions:

  • Distal biceps tendon injuries require careful diagnosis and tailored treatment.
  • The choice between 1- and 2-incision repair depends on individual patient factors and surgeon preference.
  • Continued research is needed to optimize outcomes for these injuries.