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This study on sexual orientation found distinct categories (taxa) for same-sex attraction in men and women, with taxon membership linked to higher risks for mental health and substance use disorders.

Keywords:
NESARClatent structuresexual orientationtaxometric analyses

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Previous research on sexual orientation's structure yielded conflicting dimensional vs. taxonic findings.
  • Understanding the latent structure of sexual orientation is crucial for public health and psychological research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the latent structure of sexual orientation using taxometric analyses.
  • To determine if sexual orientation is best represented as a spectrum or distinct categories.
  • To examine the relationship between sexual orientation taxa and psychiatric/substance-use disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), N = 33,525.
  • Conducted taxometric analyses on three indicators: sexual identity, behavior, and attraction.
  • Performed analyses separately for men and women.

Main Results:

  • Identified low-base-rate same-sex-oriented taxa for both men (3.0%) and women (2.7%).
  • Taxon membership was associated with increased risk for psychiatric and substance-use disorders.
  • Women exhibited greater sexual fluidity; any same-sex sexuality indicated taxon membership in men, but not women.

Conclusions:

  • Sexual orientation, for same-sex attraction, appears to have a taxonic structure in both men and women.
  • The identified taxa are associated with adverse health outcomes, highlighting a need for targeted support.
  • Sexual fluidity differs between sexes, impacting how same-sex experiences relate to categorical orientation.