From surveillance to development of nutritional guidelines

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Nutrition Science
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Overweight and obesity affect 30% of children and 50% of adults in Italy, contributing significantly to non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
• Dietary patterns have shifted away from the traditional Mediterranean diet towards high-energy, high-sugar, high-salt, and high-fat foods.
• These changes are linked to increased healthcare costs and a higher burden of disease (DALYs).

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the association between changing food habits and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Italy.
• To emphasize the role of schools and workplaces in promoting healthy eating and active lifestyles.
• To advocate for improved resource utilization and inter-sectoral coordination for community-based health promotion.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of current survey data on overweight and obesity prevalence.
• Review of dietary pattern changes over the past fifty years in Italy.
• Examination of existing public health interventions and strategies within the National Health System.

Main Results:

• A significant shift from the Mediterranean diet to less healthy food choices, particularly when dining out.
• Identification of schools and workplaces as key settings for intervention.
• Recognition of the need for enhanced coordination among social, educational, and health services.

Conclusions:

• Addressing overweight and obesity requires a multi-faceted approach involving families, educators, and catering services.
• Health operators must recognize overweight as a significant health threat.
• Strengthening the network of stakeholders and inter-sectoral collaboration is essential to meet NCD prevention targets.