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Strong odd-frequency correlations in fully gapped Zeeman-split superconductors.

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Summary
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Odd-frequency pairing in superconductors can exist without a detectable electronic density of states enhancement. This study proposes a new experiment to unambiguously detect this unconventional superconducting state.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Superconductivity
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • A superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) interface typically exhibits an unconventional odd-frequency superconducting state.
  • This state is conventionally identified by enhanced electronic density of states (DoS) at subgap energies.
  • However, the presence of odd-frequency pairing does not always correlate with DoS modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that odd-frequency pairing can exist even with a fully gapped DoS.
  • To derive a generalized analytical criterion for odd-frequency pairing effects on DoS.
  • To propose a novel experimental method for detecting odd-frequency pairing.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of superconducting states at S/F interfaces.
  • Derivation of an analytical criterion for odd-frequency pairing's impact on DoS.
  • Proposal of an experimental setup utilizing a Zeeman-split superconductor and external magnetic field.

Main Results:

  • Odd-frequency pairing can persist in the absence of a discernible enhancement in the electronic density of states.
  • The study reinterprets Meservey and Tedrow's pioneering superconductor/insulating ferromagnet (S/FI) tunneling experiments.
  • A generalized analytical criterion is established to describe the influence of odd-frequency pairing on DoS.

Conclusions:

  • The hallmark signature of odd-frequency pairing (enhanced DoS) is not universally required.
  • The proposed experiment offers a clear pathway for unambiguous detection of odd-frequency pairing.
  • This research advances the understanding of unconventional superconductivity at interfaces.