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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

971
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
908
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

998
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
998
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.1K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.1K

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Inverse Spin-Hall Effect and Spin Swapping in Spin-Split Superconductors.

Lina Johnsen Kamra1,2, Jacob Linder1

  • 1Center for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.

Physical Review Letters
|June 15, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Introducing a spin-splitting field to superconductors enhances spin detection. This study reveals unique spin-swap signals and improved charge/spin accumulation, controllable by field orientation for novel device designs.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Spintronics
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • Spin currents in superconductors are coupled to energy currents via inelastic scattering.
  • Spin-orbit impurity scattering generates inverse spin-Hall and spin-swapping currents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spin and energy injection into thin film superconductors with a spin-splitting field.
  • To analyze the effects of superconductivity, spin-splitting fields, and inelastic scattering on spin currents.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical study of spin and energy injection.
  • Analysis of spin-orbit impurity scattering effects.
  • Investigation of spin-current coupling to energy currents.

Main Results:

  • A significant enhancement of the ordinary inverse spin-Hall effect was observed.
  • Unique inverse spin-Hall and spin-swapping signals, orders of magnitude stronger than ordinary signals, were identified.
  • Long-range charge and spin accumulations controllable by spin-splitting field orientation were demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • The combined presence of spin-splitting fields, superconductivity, and inelastic scattering greatly enhances spin detection sensitivity.
  • Unique spin-swap signals offer potential for designing devices with controlled spin and current manipulation.
  • Enhanced spin detection and controllable spin dynamics open new avenues in spintronic device engineering.