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Related Concept Videos

Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

2.4K
Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.4K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
2.4K
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

313
Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
313
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

2.5K
Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
2.5K
Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

894
An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
894
Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

1.2K
In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
1.2K

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dc Josephson Effect in Altermagnets.

Jabir Ali Ouassou1, Arne Brataas1, Jacob Linder1

  • 1Center for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.

Physical Review Letters
|September 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Altermagnets, a unique magnetic material class, induce Josephson oscillations, distinguishing them from other magnetic systems. This effect allows control over supercurrents and offers new avenues for spintronics and quantum sensing applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Phenomena

Background:

  • Magnetic materials can alter superconductor properties, enabling applications in thermoelectricity, quantum sensing, and spintronics.
  • Altermagnets are a novel class of magnetic materials with unique band structures and no net magnetization, distinct from ferromagnets and conventional antiferromagnets.
  • The Josephson effect, a quantum mechanical phenomenon, is crucial for understanding the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fundamental properties of the Josephson effect in altermagnets.
  • To determine if altermagnets, despite their unique magnetic properties, can induce Josephson oscillations.
  • To explore the potential of altermagnets for controlling supercurrents and distinguishing them from other magnetic materials.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of the Josephson effect in altermagnetic systems.
  • Modeling the influence of altermagnet properties (band structure, crystallographic orientation) on Josephson coupling.
  • Comparison of Josephson effect characteristics in altermagnets with those in ferromagnetic and conventional antiferromagnetic junctions.

Main Results:

  • Altermagnets induce 0-π oscillations in the Josephson effect, a phenomenon not observed in conventional antiferromagnets without spin-split bands.
  • The decay length and oscillation period of Josephson coupling in altermagnets exhibit unique behavior, differing qualitatively from ferromagnetic junctions.
  • These characteristics are dependent on the crystallographic orientation of the altermagnet.

Conclusions:

  • The Josephson effect in altermagnets serves as a distinguishing signature for altermagnetism compared to ferromagnetism and conventional antiferromagnetism.
  • Altermagnets offer a novel pathway to control supercurrents through flow direction anisotropy.
  • This research opens new possibilities for utilizing altermagnets in advanced spintronic and quantum sensing devices.