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    This study synthesized silver nanoparticles without stabilizers, demonstrating potent antibacterial effects against E. coli. Gallic acid and tannin sols showed exceptional efficacy, highlighting the role of nanoparticle surface chemistry in antibacterial activity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Nanotechnology
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are recognized for their antimicrobial properties.
    • Conventional synthesis often relies on stabilizing agents, which can influence AgNP behavior.
    • Developing AgNPs with controlled surface properties is crucial for enhanced efficacy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To synthesize monodisperse silver nanoparticles in an aqueous environment without stabilizers.
    • To investigate the antibacterial activity of these AgNPs against E. coli strains.
    • To elucidate the mechanism of AgNP-bacteria interaction and the role of surface chemistry.

    Main Methods:

    • Chemical reduction using various agents, including gallic acid (GA) and tannin (TA).
    • Physicochemical characterization using TEM, SEM, AFM, DLS, and micro-electrophoresis.
    • Antibacterial activity assessed via Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays and imaging (TEM, AFM).

    Main Results:

    • Stable, monodisperse AgNPs were synthesized without polymeric stabilizers or surfactants.
    • AgNP sols demonstrated significant bactericidal effects against E. coli K12 (MBC 1-5 mg L⁻¹ for GA and TA sols).
    • AgNPs interacted with bacteria, causing surface disintegration and internalization, with surface chemistry playing a key role.

    Conclusions:

    • Aqueous synthesis of AgNPs is feasible without traditional stabilizers.
    • GA and TA are effective agents for producing highly bactericidal AgNPs.
    • Surface interactions are critical for AgNP antibacterial mechanisms, offering potential for targeted antimicrobial strategies.