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Brain-robot interface driven plasticity: Distributed modulation of corticospinal excitability.

Dominic Kraus1, Georgios Naros1, Robert Bauer1

  • 1Division of Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery & Division of Translational Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany; Neuroprosthetics Research Group, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany.

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Summary

Brain-robot interfaces (BRI) enhance motor function by modulating corticospinal excitability. This study reveals complex neural changes in healthy subjects, suggesting BRI may improve motor learning for stroke rehabilitation.

Keywords:
Brain–computer interfaceBrain–machine interfaceBrain–robot interfaceCorticospinal excitabilityEEGEvent-related desynchronizationPlastic reorganizationStimulus–response curve

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Engineering
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Brain-robot interfaces (BRI) offer novel strategies for motor deficit restoration after stroke.
  • BRI provide brain-state dependent feedback to bridge sensorimotor impairments.
  • The neurophysiological underpinnings of BRI neuromodulation require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in corticospinal excitability induced by a BRI intervention.
  • To explore the neural correlates of BRI using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
  • To assess the specificity of BRI effects on trained versus control muscles.

Main Methods:

  • Thirteen healthy subjects underwent a 40-minute kinesthetic motor imagery task with BRI.
  • Proprioceptive feedback was contingent to beta-band (16-22Hz) event-related desynchronization in the sensorimotor cortex.
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to probe corticospinal excitability via stimulus-response curves (SRC) and motor mapping.

Main Results:

  • Robust changes in motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, but not area, were observed in the BRI-trained muscle.
  • The SRC showed an MEP increase in the steep part and a decrease at the plateau.
  • MEP mapping indicated decreased excitability in the primary motor cortex hand area and increased excitability in surrounding areas.

Conclusions:

  • The BRI intervention induced complex modulations of corticospinal excitability.
  • These neural changes suggest a potential to enhance subsequent motor learning.
  • BRI show promise as a tool to augment physiotherapy for motor recovery.