PRIMARY RETROPERITONEAL EXTRA-ORGAN TUMORS (PRET) - SURGICAL TACTICS

Retroperitoneal tumors, in general, are rare tumors which histopathological characteristics and biological behavior can be considered as benign or malignant. They originate from various tissue elements located in the retroperitoneal space. They often cover Anatomical structures of varying importance - mainly retroperitoneal vessels and organs, which determines the type of surgery - radical or palliative. They are composed of adipose tissue, vascular elements, smooth and striated muscle, neural elements germline structures. There are three main types of retroperitoneal tumors: mesodermal, neurogenic and teratosarcomas. As mentioned above each can be either benign and malignant. In most cases there are no specific symptoms except general weakness, heaviness in the abdomen, loss of appetite, progressive weight loss, headache and fever. The pain is most often located in the lumbosacral area. The tumor can also cause disturbances in urination. In patients with advanced stage can be observed significantly symmetrical or asymmetrical tumor growth in the abdominal area. The most commonly used techniques for the diagnosis of the disease are X-ray, CT-scan and MRI.

Retrospective study involving 112 cases operated in the clinic for 14-years period (2000-2014) - 101 patients, 11 of them were operated on twice in a different time interval on the occasion of relapsed malignant process.

Out of all operated cases, 42% are males (47 cases) and 58% - women (65 cases). In most cases (72% - 81 cases) tumors are malignant. All patients were treated surgically. There were followed up a total of 89 patients over a period of 3 months to 8 years (96 months) as of the studied malignant cases 3 year survival was observed in 21 patients, and one patient has survived 96 months after total extirpation of fibrosarcoma. Early postoperative mortality (till 20th postoperative day) was registered in 3 patients - 2.67% of all operated cases.

About 80% of primary retroperitoneal extra-organ tumors are generally malignant. People of all ages are affected equally and no statistically significant difference in the number of men and women is detected. There are many theories about the emergence of retroperitoneal tumors, but currently none of them has not been fully proven. Treatment depends on the type of the lesion. Surgery is the main approach and it should be applied to both benign and malignant lesions. In the case of malignancy other methods than surgical are chemo- and radiotherapy but they are less effective.