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Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
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A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...
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A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
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Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Perspectives on Neuroscience
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[The Connectomics: Neurophysiology, Achievements and Perspectives].

N N Lebedeva, L A Mayorova, E D Karimova

    Uspekhi Fiziologicheskikh Nauk
    |October 29, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    This review explores connectomics, the study of brain connections. It covers theoretical and applied aspects, methods, and findings in both healthy and diseased brains.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Computational Neuroscience
    • Systems Neuroscience

    Context:

    • Connectomics is an emerging field focused on mapping the complete structural and functional connections within a nervous system.
    • Understanding the brain's wiring diagram is crucial for deciphering neural function and dysfunction.

    Purpose:

    • To provide a comprehensive overview of the theoretical and applied aspects of connectomics research.
    • To define the concept of the connectome and its key attributes, such as connectivity.
    • To review modern methodologies for investigating the connectome.

    Summary:

    • The review details current understanding of connectome structure in both normal and pathological conditions.
    • It examines the fundamental methods used in connectome investigation.

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  • Key concepts like connectivity are defined within the context of the connectome.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the potential of connectomics to revolutionize our understanding of brain disorders.
    • Outlines future directions and prospects for the advancement of connectomics as a scientific field.
    • Emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of connectomics, integrating neuroscience, computer science, and engineering.