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Myopia Control: A Review.

Jeffrey J Walline1

  • 1The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, OH.

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Effective myopia control methods for children include orthokeratology, soft bifocal contact lenses, and low-concentration atropine. These strategies slow myopia progression, with some also reducing myopia onset. Further research is ongoing.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Optometry
  • Clinical Science

Background:

  • Myopia progression in children is a significant concern for parents.
  • Clinical science is advancing knowledge on myopia control methods.
  • Several strategies have been found ineffective for myopia control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review peer-reviewed literature on modalities for myopia progression control.
  • To identify effective and ineffective methods for slowing myopia.
  • To discuss emerging treatments and their efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of peer-reviewed studies on myopia control.
  • Analysis of randomized clinical trials on myopia progression.
  • Evaluation of various interventions including contact lenses, spectacles, and pharmacological agents.

Main Results:

  • Ineffective methods include undercorrection, certain gas-permeable lenses, outdoor time for progression, and bifocal/multifocal spectacles.
  • Effective methods include orthokeratology, soft bifocal contact lenses, and antimuscarinic agents (pirenzepine, atropine).
  • Low-concentration atropine shows promise for effective myopia control with fewer side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Orthokeratology, soft bifocal contact lenses, and low-concentration atropine offer significant myopia control.
  • Outdoor time may reduce myopia onset but not progression.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand and optimize myopia control strategies.