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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

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Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 31, 2026

The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
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The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice

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Hepatitis E-induced severe myositis.

Annerose M Mengel1, Werner Stenzel2, Andreas Meisel1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Charité, Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Germany.

Muscle & Nerve
|October 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause severe myositis and neurological issues, even in Western countries. Early ribavirin treatment led to significant recovery in a patient with HEV-induced myopathy.

Keywords:
hepatitis Emyositisneurological disorders in hepatitis Erhabdomyolysisribavirin

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Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant cause of acute hepatitis in endemic regions, with neurological manifestations being underrecognized.
  • While HEV is common in Asia and Africa, its neurological impact is less frequently reported in Western countries.

Observation:

  • A 57-year-old male presented with flaccid tetraparesis, acute hepatitis, and renal failure, indicative of a severe HEV infection.
  • Muscle biopsy confirmed myositis with myofiber necrosis and inflammatory infiltrates.

Findings:

  • The patient experienced a rapidly progressive, life-threatening myopathy attributed to HEV infection.
  • Treatment with ribavirin resulted in partial recovery within 3 weeks and full recovery within 6 months.

Implications:

  • This case underscores HEV as a cause of severe myositis and neurological dysfunction, particularly in individuals with underlying liver conditions like alcoholic chronic liver disease.
  • Ribavirin demonstrates efficacy in treating severe HEV infections and promoting rapid neurological recovery.