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Time and chronic illness: a narrative review.

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Chronic illness alters patients' relationships with time, identifying four key temporal structures. Understanding these temporal experiences can improve healthcare support for chronic conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences and Humanities
  • Health and Social Care

Background:

  • Chronic illnesses significantly impact individuals' lives, often altering their perception and experience of time.
  • Understanding the temporal dimensions of chronic illness is crucial for effective patient care and support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and categorize the temporal structures commonly reported in the literature concerning chronic illness.
  • To assess how these temporal structures influence the lived experiences of individuals with chronic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of literature published between 1970 and 2013.
  • Searches conducted across Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and PubMed using keywords: chronic illness, time, patient, and carer.
  • Methodology involved comprehensive search, temporal structure appraisal, synthesis of findings, and critical appraisal.

Main Results:

  • Forty studies met inclusion criteria, revealing four prominent temporal structures: calendar/clocked time, biographical time, past-present-future time, and inner time/rhythms.
  • The first three structures are primarily socially understood, while the fourth is bodily experienced.
  • Multiple temporal structures often inform individuals' experiences; however, few studies addressed multi-morbid conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic illness fundamentally reshapes individuals' relationships with time, creating new temporal complexities.
  • Narrative storytelling is proposed as a valuable analytic tool for navigating these temporal tensions.
  • Healthcare providers and services can enhance patient support by acknowledging and addressing patients' temporal experiences.