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Cardiovascular disease in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: A true or perceived risk?

Shima Shahbaz1, Marcella Manicardi1, Giovanni Guaraldi1

  • 1Shima Shahbaz, Paolo Raggi, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2B7, Alberta, Canada.

World Journal of Cardiology
|October 31, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Highly active antiretroviral therapy has improved survival for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, leading to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Assessing and managing CVD in HIV remains challenging due to complex contributing factors.

Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Infectious diseases
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly improved survival rates for individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • Increased longevity in HIV-positive patients has led to a higher prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being particularly prominent.
  • The interplay of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and HIV-specific elements complicates the understanding of CVD pathogenesis in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the growing concern of cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a major comorbidity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals.
  • To underscore the complexity in assessing cardiovascular risk within the HIV-infected population.
  • To address the ongoing controversy regarding optimal preventive and therapeutic strategies for CVD in HIV patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients.
  • Analysis of the multifactorial pathogenesis of CVD in the context of HIV infection.
  • Examination of challenges in cardiovascular risk stratification and management.

Main Results:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant and emerging health issue for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy.
  • The development of CVD in HIV is attributed to a complex interaction between traditional risk factors and HIV-related conditions.
  • Current methods for accurately assessing CVD risk in HIV patients are insufficient, leading to uncertainty in treatment approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Effective antiretroviral therapy has shifted the health landscape for HIV patients, making CVD a critical area of focus.
  • Further research is needed to refine CVD risk assessment tools and develop evidence-based preventive and therapeutic guidelines for HIV-infected individuals.
  • Addressing the complex interplay of factors contributing to CVD is essential for improving long-term outcomes in the growing population of HIV survivors.

Keywords:
Antiretroviral therapyAtherosclerosisCardiovascular deathCardiovascular riskDyslipidemiaHuman immunodeficiency virus infectionHypertensionSmoking

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