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Long non-coding RNA regulation of reproduction and development
David H Taylor1, Erin Tsi-Jia Chu2, Roman Spektor1
1Field of Genetics, Genomics and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Molecular Reproduction and Development
|October 31, 2015
Summary
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial for gene regulation in eukaryotes. This review details their essential roles in reproductive processes, from germ cell development to placentation and inheritance.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Reproductive Biology
Background:
- Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate eukaryotic gene expression.
- Diverse ncRNAs, including small nuclear, nucleolar, transfer, ribosomal, micro, small-interfering, and piwi-interacting RNAs, are involved in various cellular processes.
- Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a vast class of transcripts (>100,000 in humans) with regulatory functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) activities.
- To review the critical roles of lncRNAs in key reproductive processes.
- To highlight conserved lncRNA functions across species.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of ncRNA functions in gene regulation.
- Synthesis of studies on lncRNA involvement in reproduction.
- Comparative analysis of lncRNA roles across different species.
Main Results:
- lncRNAs regulate crucial reproductive functions including germ cell specification, sex determination, gonadogenesis, sex hormone responses, meiosis, gametogenesis, and placentation.
- lncRNAs are implicated in non-genetic inheritance and pathologies of reproductive tissues.
- Evolutionarily conserved roles of lncRNAs in reproduction are demonstrated.
Conclusions:
- lncRNAs are indispensable regulators of eukaryotic gene expression, particularly in reproduction.
- Understanding lncRNA functions offers insights into reproductive health and disease.
- Further research into lncRNAs will illuminate conserved mechanisms across species.
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