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Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing
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Functional monomer impurity affects adhesive performance.

Kumiko Yoshihara1, Noriyuki Nagaoka2, Takumi Okihara3

  • 1Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High purity 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) is crucial for durable dental adhesive bonding. Impurities and 10-MDP dimer in dental primers significantly reduce bond strength and hybrid layer formation over time.

Keywords:
AdhesionDentinFunctional monomerImpurityNMRTEM

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) is a key functional monomer in dental adhesives, known for its effectiveness.
  • Universal dental adhesives often contain 10-MDP, but variations in its purity may impact clinical performance.
  • The bonding quality of 10-MDP in dental adhesives is hypothesized to be influenced by its purity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of 10-MDP purity on the bonding performance of dental adhesives.
  • To characterize different grades of 10-MDP and their impact on dentin bonding.
  • To evaluate the long-term stability of adhesive bonds formed with varying 10-MDP purity.

Main Methods:

  • Three different 10-MDP versions (10-MDP_KN, 10-MDP_PCM, 10-MDP_DMI) were characterized using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD).
  • The ability of 10-MDP to form 10-MDP_Ca salts on dentin was analyzed.
  • Micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin was measured for experimental primers immediately after bonding and after aging.
  • The interfacial adhesive-dentin ultra-structure was examined using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).

Main Results:

  • NMR revealed impurities and 10-MDP dimer in 10-MDP_PCM and 10-MDP_DMI, which were also sensitive to hydrolysis; 10-MDP_KN showed fewer impurities and no hydrolysis.
  • XRD indicated more intense 10-MDP_Ca salt deposition on dentin with 10-MDP_KN.
  • Adhesives using 10-MDP_KN exhibited significantly higher immediate bond strength, which remained stable upon aging, unlike those with 10-MDP_PCM and 10-MDP_DMI, where μTBS dropped significantly after aging.
  • TEM showed thicker hybridization and more intense nano-layering for 10-MDP_KN.

Conclusions:

  • Primer impurities and the presence of 10-MDP dimer negatively affect hybridization, 10-MDP_Ca salt formation, and nano-layering.
  • High purity 10-MDP is essential for achieving durable and stable bonding in dental adhesives.
  • The quality of the functional monomer directly impacts the long-term performance and reliability of dental restorative materials.