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Recent developments in aluminum toxicology.

F S Monteagudo1, M J Cassidy, P I Folb

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Cape Town, South Africa.

Medical Toxicology and Adverse Drug Experience
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Aluminum toxicity is a significant health risk, especially for patients with chronic kidney disease. Identifying and removing aluminum sources, alongside chelation therapy, is crucial for managing this toxin.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Nephrology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Aluminum is a recognized toxin contributing to significant illness and death, particularly in patients with chronic renal failure.
  • Associated conditions include dialysis dementia, renal osteodystrophy, and Alzheimer's disease, alongside effects on red blood cells, parathyroid glands, and chromosomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the risks of aluminum toxicity in patients with impaired renal function.
  • To identify common sources of aluminum contamination.
  • To outline management strategies for aluminum toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on aluminum toxicity and its sources.
  • Identification of patient populations at risk, especially those with chronic renal failure.

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  • Analysis of management and treatment options.

    • Main Results:

    • Aluminum accumulates when the gastrointestinal barrier is compromised, common during dialysis or intravenous fluid administration.
    • Renal impairment decreases aluminum excretion, promoting body accumulation.
    • Contaminated sources include dialysis water, phosphate binders, parenteral nutrition, and intravenous fluids.

    Conclusions:

    • Management requires identifying and removing contaminated sources, including regular dialysis water monitoring and reviewing aluminum-containing medications.
    • Developing aluminum-free phosphate binders is essential.
    • Desferrioxamine (deferoxamine) is an effective chelating agent for treating aluminum toxicity.