Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Measuring the Behavioral Effects of Intraocular Scatter
Published on: February 18, 2021
Ocular Morbidity among Students in Relation to Classroom Illumination Levels
Shailesh Wagle1, Ramachandra Kamath, Rajnarayan Tiwari
1Department of Public Health and #Statistics, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka; and *Occupational Medical Division, National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat; India. Correspondence to: Dr Rajnarayan R Tiwari, Scientist E, National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad 380 016, Gujarat, India. shreemathi.mayya@manipal.edu.
Objective:
This cross-sectional study was done to find the prevalence of eye strain and other ocular morbidities among students in Udupi, Karnataka.
Methods:
The study protocol included interview, visual acuity examination using Snellen chart, and measuring classroom illumination through lux meter.
Results:
26% students had visual morbidity and the most prevalent symptoms of eyestrain were headache (38.6%), watering of eyes (25.7%), pain around eyes (15.6%) and blurred vision (11.9%). 55.5% classrooms and 88.4% blackboards did not have proper illumination.
Conclusion:
Low classroom illumination levels may be a possible factor for development of visual morbidity.
Related Concept Videos
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
Accessory Structures of the Eye
Focusing of Light in the Eye
Glaucoma: Overview
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

