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Mitochondrial Epigenetic Alterations Induced by Biomass Smoke Exposure and Their Role in Age-Related Breast Cancer

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Age and mitochondrial epigenetic changes, including mtDNA methylation and inflammation, are linked to breast cancer (BC) risk in women exposed to biomass smoke. AI models show promise for early BC detection in this high-risk group.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Genetics and Epigenetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Biomass smoke exposure is a significant risk factor for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic alterations are increasingly recognized in cancer development.
  • Limited research exists on the specific impact of biomass smoke on mitochondrial epigenetics and breast cancer (BC) risk in women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between age, mitochondrial epigenetics (mtDNA methylation), and BC risk in women exposed to biomass smoke.
  • To investigate the role of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in this context.
  • To develop and evaluate a predictive model for BC risk detection using machine learning.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 205 women exposed to biomass smoke, divided into age groups (18-25 and >25 years).
  • Assessment of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and CEA.
  • Development of machine learning models utilizing clinical and molecular data for BC risk prediction.

Main Results:

  • Prolonged exposure to household air pollution (HAP) correlated with increased mitochondrial dysfunction, especially in older women.
  • Significant correlations were found between mtDNA methylation changes and elevated CEA levels, suggesting a role in BC risk.
  • Strong positive correlations between age and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10) indicated heightened inflammation with age.
  • Logistic Regression model achieved high predictive performance (90.18% accuracy, 1.00 AUC).

Conclusions:

  • Age and mitochondrial epigenetic factors, including mtDNA methylation and inflammatory markers, are significantly associated with BC risk in women exposed to biomass smoke.
  • Mitochondrial epigenetics plays a crucial role in BC development, and AI tools show potential for early detection in at-risk populations.
  • The study's cross-sectional design necessitates longitudinal research to establish causality and timing of these relationships.