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Published on: November 3, 2016
Non-thermal plasma for inactivated-vaccine preparation
Guomin Wang1, Ruihao Zhu2, Licong Yang2
1Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) offers a novel method for inactivating Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV). NTP-treated vaccines show promising efficacy and safety for poultry farming.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Vaccine Technology
- Plasma Medicine
Background:
- Infectious diseases pose significant threats to poultry farming, necessitating effective vaccines.
- Traditional vaccine inactivation methods, like formaldehyde, may impact antigenicity and safety.
- Novel inactivation technologies are crucial for developing improved poultry vaccines.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the feasibility of non-thermal plasma (NTP) for inactivating Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV).
- To compare the efficacy of NTP-inactivated vaccines with traditional formaldehyde-inactivated vaccines.
- To investigate the mechanisms underlying NTP-mediated viral inactivation.
Main Methods:
- An alternating current atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma (NTP) jet utilizing Ar/O2/N2 gas was employed.
- NDV (LaSota) and AIV (H9N2) were treated with NTP for varying durations.
- Virus inactivation, antigenic determinant integrity, antibody titers in SPF chickens, and challenge experiments were assessed.
Main Results:
- Complete inactivation of both NDV and AIV was achieved within 2 minutes of NTP treatment.
- NTP-2 min-NDV vaccine induced higher NDV-specific antibody titers and provided protection against lethal NDV challenge compared to formaldehyde vaccines.
- NTP-2 min-AIV vaccine demonstrated comparable AIV-specific antibody titers to formaldehyde-inactivated vaccines.
Conclusions:
- Non-thermal plasma is a feasible alternative strategy for preparing inactivated NDV and AIV vaccines.
- NTP inactivation preserves viral antigenicity, leading to effective immune responses in chickens.
- Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated by NTP are key factors in viral inactivation.
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