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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

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Mesostructure-Induced Selectivity in CO2 Reduction Catalysis.

Anthony Shoji Hall1, Youngmin Yoon1, Anna Wuttig1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gold inverse opal films efficiently convert carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO), suppressing hydrogen evolution. Electrode mesostructuring optimizes CO2 reduction selectivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Gold inverse opal (Au-IO) thin films are investigated for electrochemical CO2 reduction.
  • High efficiency and selectivity for CO production over hydrogen evolution are desired.
  • Understanding factors influencing selectivity is crucial for catalyst design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of mesostructuring in Au-IO films for CO2 reduction.
  • To determine the origin of hydrogen evolution suppression.
  • To optimize electrode design for high CO selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of Au-IO thin films with varying porous thickness.
  • Electrochemical characterization of CO2 reduction performance.
  • Analysis of diffusional gradients and their impact on reaction pathways.

Main Results:

  • Au-IO films exhibit high efficiency and selectivity for CO2 to CO conversion.
  • Hydrogen evolution activity decreases significantly with increasing film thickness.
  • Diffusional gradients within the mesoporous structure are identified as the cause of hydrogen suppression.
  • 99% CO selectivity achieved at 0.4 V overpotential with optimized electrodes.

Conclusions:

  • Electrode mesostructuring is an effective strategy for tuning selectivity in CO2 reduction.
  • Diffusional gradients play a key role in suppressing hydrogen evolution.
  • Optimized Au-IO electrodes offer a promising pathway for efficient CO2-to-fuels catalysis.