Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Feedback Inhibition

Feedback Inhibition

Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!

Feedback Loops

Feedback Loops

In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.

Internal Receptors

Internal Receptors

Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

Proofreading

Proofreading

What are Second Messengers?

What are Second Messengers?

Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Priorities for improving paediatric diagnosis: findings from a modified Delphi study.

BMJ quality & safety·2026

Same author

I-PASS-to-PICU: A Structured Handoff Program to Improve Interfacility Referral Communication for PICU Transfer.

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·2026

Same author

Patterns of Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Children on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support.

ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)·2026

Same author

The Challenges and Promise of AI for Clinical Documentation in Pediatric Inpatient Care.

Hospital pediatrics·2026

Same author

National Trends in Market Competition for Hospital-Based Pediatric Services: 2011-2018.

Health services research·2026

Same author

Physician-Reported Diagnostic Uncertainty Among Children Discharged From the Pediatric Emergency Department With Acute Respiratory Illness.

Pediatric emergency care·2026

Same journal

Correspondence About: Multisite Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Pediatric Patients Under 15 kg: Three-Center, Analysis of Surgical Versus Percutaneous Approach and Thrombosis Risk, 2017-2024.

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·2026

Same journal

The authors reply.

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·2026

Same journal

Restrictive Vs. Standard Fluid Management in Mechanically Ventilated Children Admitted to PICU: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·2026

Same journal

Individualized Treatment Effects of Therapeutic Hypothermia in Children Postcardiac Arrest: A Reanalysis of Two Randomized Clinical Trials.

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·2026

Same journal

Lung Recruitment Maneuvers During Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: Single-Center Retrospective PICU Cohort Study, 2016-2023.

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·2026

Same journal

Multisite Cannulation for Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in Neonates and Infants: Extracorporeal Life Support Database Study, 2013-2023.

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

The authors reply

Christina L Cifra¹, Kareen L Jones, Utpal S Bhalala

¹Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa city, IA Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine : a Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies

|November 5, 2015

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Published on: February 25, 2007

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Published on: February 25, 2007