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Intra and Inter-Spore Variability in Rhizophagus irregularis AOX Gene.

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  • 1EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, IIFA-Instituto de Formação e Investigação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Évora, Portugal.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) like Rhizophagus irregularis have variable genes for alternative oxidase (AOX). This genetic variation in RiAOX may impact symbiosis effectiveness and agricultural inoculum quality.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant-fungal interactions
  • Molecular biology
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form crucial root symbioses, enhancing plant nutrient uptake and stress tolerance.
  • Rhizophagus irregularis, a key AMF, shows variable inoculum quality, potentially linked to genetic diversity.
  • The alternative oxidase (AOX) enzyme is known for mitigating oxidative stress but its role in AMF symbiosis is unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize the AOX gene from Rhizophagus irregularis (RiAOX).
  • To investigate the expression patterns of RiAOX during plant root symbiosis.
  • To explore the genetic variability of RiAOX across different R. irregularis isolates and its potential implications.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of the RiAOX gene.
  • Gene expression analysis during early symbiosis stages.
  • Phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment of RiAOX.
  • Polymorphism analysis in single spores from different R. irregularis isolates.

Main Results:

  • The RiAOX gene was successfully isolated and found to be highly expressed during early symbiosis.
  • Phylogenetic analysis placed RiAOX among ancient fungal lineages, lacking typical plant AOX regulatory motifs.
  • Analysis revealed polymorphisms in RiAOX, including non-synonymous variants, suggesting potential functional differences among isolates.
  • Intronic polymorphisms were abundant, but some exonic variants could lead to amino acid changes.

Conclusions:

  • The study characterizes the RiAOX gene and its expression during symbiosis.
  • Genetic variability in RiAOX exists within R. irregularis populations.
  • This variability, particularly in coding regions, may influence fungal effectiveness and plant performance.
  • Understanding RiAOX variation is crucial for improving the consistency and quality of agricultural AMF inoculums.