Healing disturbance with suture bridge configuration repair in rabbit rotator cuff tear

Medial row failure has been reported in the suture bridge technique of rotator cuff repair. This study compared the healing response of suture bridge configuration repair (SBCR) and parallel type transosseous repair (PTR).

Acute rotator cuff repair was performed in 32 rabbits. Both shoulders were repaired using PTR or SBCR. In PTR, simple PTR was performed through 2 parallel transosseous tunnels created using a microdrill. In SBCR, 2 additional crisscross transosseous tunnels were added to mimic arthroscopic SBCR. At 1, 2, and 5 weeks postoperatively, comparative biomechanical testing was performed in 8 rabbits, and histologic analysis, including immunohistochemical staining for CD31, was performed in 4 rabbits.

Failure loads at 1 week (38.12 ± 20.43 N vs 52.00 ± 27.23 N; P = .284) and 5 weeks (97.93 ± 48.35 N vs 119.60 ± 60.81 N; P = .218) were not statistically different between the SBCR and PTR groups, respectively, but were significantly lower in the SBCR group than in the PTR group (23.56 ± 13.56 N vs. 44.25 ± 12.53 N; P = .009), respectively, at 2 weeks. Markedly greater fibrinoid deposition was observed in the SBCR group than in the PTR group at 2 weeks. For vascularization, there was a tendency that more vessels could be observed in PTR than in SBCR at 2 weeks (15.9 vs 5.6, P = .068).

In a rabbit acute rotator cuff repair model, SBCR exhibited inferior mechanical strength, and fewer blood vessels were observed at the healing site at 2 weeks postoperatively. Medial row tendon failure was more common in SBCR. Surgeons should consider the clinical effect of SBCR when performing rotator cuff repair.