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Related Concept Videos

Microbial Corrosion01:24

Microbial Corrosion

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Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a significant form of material degradation caused by the metabolic activities of microorganisms. This phenomenon poses substantial challenges across various industries, including oil and gas, maritime, and water treatment sectors.MIC occurs when microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, and fungi, colonize metal surfaces, forming biofilms that alter the local electrochemical environment. These biofilms can lead to the production of corrosive...
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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to...
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High-throughput Identification of Bacteria Repellent Polymers for Medical Devices
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[Antimicrobial prosthesis coatings].

S Gravius1, D C Wirtz2

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Deutschland. sascha.gravius@ukb.uni-bonn.de.

Der Orthopade
|November 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antimicrobial coatings show promise for preventing joint infections, but more clinical data is needed to confirm their safety and effectiveness. Current options are limited, highlighting the need for innovative, biocompatible solutions in clinical practice.

Keywords:
AdhesivesAnti-infective agentsBiofilmsBiomedical researchPeriprosthetic joint infection

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials science
  • Infectious disease research
  • Orthopedic surgery

Context:

  • Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a significant complication following joint replacement surgery.
  • Antimicrobial coatings are being developed to combat PJI, leveraging various mechanisms to inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm formation.
  • Current strategies include anti-adhesive, bioactive, and drug-eluting surfaces, as well as nanostructured and biofilm-disrupting technologies.

Purpose:

  • To review established and novel antimicrobial coating concepts for PJI prevention.
  • To discuss the current state of research from basic science to clinical application.
  • To identify gaps in knowledge regarding biocompatibility, toxicity, and clinical efficacy.

Summary:

  • A wide array of antimicrobial coating technologies, including anti-adhesive, bioactive, drug-releasing, nanostructured, and biofilm-modulating surfaces, demonstrate significant potential in preclinical studies.
  • Only a limited number of coatings, primarily those utilizing silver ions, have reached the market.
  • Robust data on the biocompatibility and toxicity of many antimicrobial coatings are still lacking.

Impact:

  • The development of effective antimicrobial coatings could significantly reduce the incidence and burden of periprosthetic joint infections.
  • Further clinical validation is crucial to establish the efficacy and safety of these coatings in real-world settings.
  • Future innovations must prioritize clinical feasibility and long-term biocompatibility for widespread adoption in orthopedic procedures.