Predictive or not predictive: understanding the mixed messages from the patient's DNA sequence
A Cecile J W Janssens1, Christine Patch2,3, Heather Skirton4
1Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Journal of Clinical Nursing
|November 7, 2015
Summary
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis can predict rare single-gene disorders but has limited predictive power for common diseases due to complex genetic and environmental factors. Nurses need to understand these genomic testing limitations to effectively counsel patients.
Area of Science:
- Genomic medicine
- Clinical genetics
- Translational genomics
Background:
- Technological advancements enable comprehensive genomic sequencing (whole genome or exome).
- Genomic data offers potential for disease prediction and diagnosis.
- Understanding the predictive capacity of genomic tests is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To clarify the predictive capabilities of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis for various diseases.
- To equip nurses with the knowledge to interpret and explain genomic test results to patients.
- To differentiate between the predictability of genomic testing for rare versus common diseases.
Main Methods:
- This is a discussion paper.
- Content developed through extensive author discussions and a writing workshop.
Main Results:
- DNA analysis is effective for diagnosing rare diseases caused by single-gene mutations.
- Predicting common diseases via genomic testing is limited by heritability and environmental factors.
- Genomic tests may inform disease management in specific clinical contexts.
Conclusions:
- Genomic testing is valuable for diagnosing single-gene disorders.
- Predicting future risk of common diseases using genomic tests is currently unrealistic in healthcare settings.
- Nurses require enhanced understanding of genomic testing's applications and limitations for patient care.
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