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Etiology of Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Iran: a Systematic Review

Reza Ghotaslou1, Fatemeh Yeganeh-Sefidan1, Behnaz Salahi-Eshlaqi2

  • 1Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Acta Medica Iranica
|November 8, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in Iran is primarily caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Incidence rates declined between 1991-2002 and 2003-2013, highlighting the need for better diagnostics and prevention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is a severe infection with high fatality and neurological sequelae.
  • Understanding the etiological agents of ABM is crucial for effective public health interventions in Iran.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the primary causes of acute bacterial meningitis in Iran.
  • To analyze trends in ABM incidence over a 23-year period.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of 23 relevant articles was conducted.
  • Search terms included 'meningitis,' 'etiology,' and 'Iran.'
  • Data from 18,163 cases, including 1,074 bacterial meningitis cases, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis.
  • Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter spp., Neisseria meningitidis, and group B Streptococcus were also identified.
  • ABM incidence was higher from 1991-2002 compared to 2003-2013.

Conclusions:

  • S. pneumoniae remains a significant cause of bacterial meningitis in Iran.
  • Further research is needed for improved diagnostics (e.g., PCR) and interventions like vaccination to reduce ABM burden.
Keywords:
Acute bacterial meningitisEtiologyIran

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