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Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model System to Study Protein Homeostasis in a Multicellular Organism
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TOR Complexes and the Maintenance of Cellular Homeostasis

Sandra Eltschinger1, Robbie Loewith2

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Trends in Cell Biology
|November 8, 2015
PubMed

Insights

The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase, functioning in TORC1 and TORC2 complexes, regulates eukaryote growth. This review details TORC2

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is a key kinase regulating cell growth.
  • TOR functions through two distinct complexes: TORC1 and TORC2.
  • Each complex governs different cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of TORC2 in regulating eukaryote cell surface area.
  • To explore the influence of TORC2 on lipid production and intracellular turgor.
  • To discuss the feedback mechanisms within TOR signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on TORC2 function.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involving TORC1 and TORC2.
  • Integration of data on lipid metabolism and cell turgor regulation.

Main Results:

  • TORC1 primarily regulates cell volume and mass via protein synthesis and turnover.
  • TORC2 specifically controls cell surface area through lipid production and turgor.
  • TOR complexes operate in feedback loops with downstream effectors.

Conclusions:

  • TORC2 is a critical regulator of cell surface area.
  • TOR signaling pathways are involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
  • A paradigm shift is proposed, viewing TORCs as homeostatic mediators rather than solely signal transducers.
Keywords:
Target Of Rapamycin (TOR)eisosomegrowthhomeostasismembrane tensionosmotic controlsphingolipid

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