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Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
Published on: March 2, 2014
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APOBEC3 Proteins in Viral Immunity.
Spyridon Stavrou1, Susan R Ross2
1Department of Microbiology, Abramson Cancer Center, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6142.
Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|November 8, 2015
Summary
Apolipoprotein B editing complex 3 proteins are key antiviral cytidine deaminases. This review explores their established roles in innate immunity and potential functions in adaptive immunity against viral infections.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Apolipoprotein B editing complex 3 (APOBEC3) proteins are cytidine deaminases with known roles in innate antiviral immunity.
- These enzymes are implicated in controlling infections by retroviruses, parvoviruses, herpesviruses, papillomaviruses, hepatitis B virus, and retrotransposons.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the established and potential roles of APOBEC3 proteins in both innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infections.
- To consolidate current understanding of APOBEC3 antiviral mechanisms beyond direct viral DNA modification.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating APOBEC3 family members and their interactions with viruses.
- Analysis of data on APOBEC3 involvement in various stages of the immune response to viral pathogens.
Main Results:
- APOBEC3 proteins directly modify viral DNA, contributing to intrinsic antiviral defense.
- Evidence suggests APOBEC3 proteins may also influence broader innate and adaptive immune pathways against viruses.
Conclusions:
- APOBEC3 proteins are crucial components of the host defense against a wide range of viruses.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex roles of APOBEC3 in adaptive immunity and overall antiviral defense.
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