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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
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Studying the Cytoskeleton01:17

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The cytoskeletal architecture can be studied using different microscopic and biochemical techniques. Electron microscopy was instrumental in discovering the cytoskeletal architecture around the 1960s, which allowed obtaining structural information at a high-resolution level. However, the sample preparation procedure often limits this ability in biological samples. Several protocols have been developed over the years to optimize sample preparation. In one of the protocols known as rotary...
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Related Experiment Video

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Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Living Cells Using Atomic Force Microscopy
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Fast Stiffness Mapping of Cells Using High-Bandwidth Atomic Force Microscopy.

Andrew Wang1, Karthik Vijayraghavan1, Olav Solgaard1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.

ACS Nano
|November 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary

High-bandwidth atomic force microscopy (AFM) enables rapid, high-resolution mapping of cellular mechanics. This technique reveals subtle cytoskeletal features like spectrin network stiffness in situ.

Keywords:
AFMcellsharmonichigh-bandwidthmultifrequency

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular mechanics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The cytoskeleton regulates cell shape and mechanical interactions.
  • Atomic force microscopy (AFM) offers nanometer-resolution imaging of cellular structures and mechanics.
  • Conventional AFM techniques are limited by slow imaging speeds for whole-cell analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a faster method for nanomechanical mapping of cells.
  • To overcome the speed limitations of conventional AFM for cytomechanical imaging.
  • To enable detailed analysis of cellular mechanical properties at high resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-bandwidth AFM (HB-AFM) for rapid nanoindentation measurements (>10^6 in ~10 minutes).
  • Captured complete tip-sample interactions for each measurement, enabling a new 'force phase' metric.
  • Performed spectral visualization of over 10 harmonics.

Main Results:

  • Achieved significantly faster whole-cell cytomechanical imaging compared to conventional AFM.
  • Discovered subtle cytomechanical features, including the in situ stiffness of cellular spectrin network fibers.
  • Demonstrated the utility of high-harmonic imaging in conjunction with HB-AFM.

Conclusions:

  • High-bandwidth AFM provides a powerful tool for rapid, high-resolution nanomechanical mapping of cells.
  • The 'force phase' measurement offers enhanced contrast over conventional tapping mode.
  • This approach facilitates the study of dynamic mechanical properties in living cells.