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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Circulating MicroRNA Quantification Using DNA-binding Dye Chemistry and Droplet Digital PCR
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Circulating MicroRNA Quantification Using DNA-binding Dye Chemistry and Droplet Digital PCR

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Circulating microRNAs.

J A Makarova1, M U Shkurnikov, A A Turchinovich

  • 1Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. j-makarova@yandex.ru.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
|November 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in body fluids signal between cells and can serve as disease biomarkers. This review covers their intercellular communication roles and diagnostic applications, emphasizing isolation techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Noncoding RNAs, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs), are detected in plasma and other body fluids.
  • This detection suggests miRNAs function as extracellular signaling molecules.
  • miRNAs play roles in intercellular communication both in vitro and in vivo.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the field of circulating miRNAs.
  • To discuss the application of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic markers for various diseases.
  • To highlight the importance of developing and standardizing techniques for isolating circulating miRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on circulating miRNAs.
  • Analysis of research on miRNA-mediated intercellular communication.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic applications and isolation methodologies for circulating miRNAs.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs are involved in intercellular communication pathways.
  • Circulating miRNAs show potential as biomarkers for disease diagnosis.
  • Standardization of miRNA isolation techniques is crucial for reliable diagnostics.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating miRNAs represent a significant area of research with implications for diagnostics.
  • Further development and unification of isolation techniques are needed to fully realize the potential of circulating miRNAs.
  • miRNAs are key players in cell-to-cell signaling and disease monitoring.