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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Virus-induced Gene Silencing VIGS in Nicotiana benthamiana and Tomato
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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated viral interference in plants.

Zahir Ali1, Aala Abulfaraj1, Ali Idris1

  • 1Laboratory for Genome Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture & Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.

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Summary

The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool effectively targets and degrades DNA viruses in plants, offering a new strategy for developing virus-resistant crops. This system shows promise for conferring molecular immunity against multiple viral infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Gene editing technologies
  • Virology

Background:

  • CRISPR/Cas9 provides prokaryotes with immunity against foreign genetic elements.
  • CRISPR/Cas9 has been adapted for genome editing in eukaryotes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9 for conferring molecular immunity against DNA viruses in plants.
  • To assess the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 for engineering virus-resistant plants.

Main Methods:

  • Delivered sgRNAs targeting tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) sequences into Nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing Cas9.
  • Challenged engineered plants with TYLCV to evaluate viral DNA degradation and mutation induction.
  • Assessed the impact of CRISPR/Cas9 on viral DNA accumulation and disease symptom development.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR/Cas9 system successfully targeted TYLCV DNA for degradation and induced mutations.
  • sgRNAs targeting the origin of replication in the intergenic region were most effective.
  • Engineered plants showed delayed or reduced viral DNA accumulation and attenuated disease symptoms.
  • The system demonstrated potential for simultaneously targeting multiple DNA viruses.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR/Cas9 system is effective for viral interference in plants.
  • This technology can be extended for engineering plants resistant to multiple viral infections.