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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Author Spotlight: Fu's Subcutaneous Needling for Knee Osteoarthritis Pain
07:19

Author Spotlight: Fu's Subcutaneous Needling for Knee Osteoarthritis Pain

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Early knee osteoarthritis.

Marta Favero1, Roberta Ramonda2, Mary B Goldring3

  • 1Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED , University Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy ; Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration/RAMSES , Rizzoli Orthopedic Research Institute , Bologna , Italy.

RMD Open
|November 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New imaging techniques reveal early osteoarthritis changes in knee joints, even before X-ray signs appear. Understanding these early structural changes is key to identifying at-risk patients for timely treatment.

Keywords:
Knee OsteoarthritisMagnetic Resonance ImagingOsteoarthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
  • Radiology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) concepts have evolved due to advanced imaging and arthroscopy.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and ultrasound detect early, pre-radiographic structural changes in joint tissues.
  • These early changes in cartilage, bone, and synovium are linked to OA symptoms and potential progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging concept of early knee osteoarthritis based on recent knowledge.
  • To highlight the need for a revised definition of early OA.
  • To identify patients at high risk for OA progression and enable early intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on early osteoarthritis detection and definition.
  • Discussion of advanced imaging modalities like MRI and ultrasound.
  • Analysis of structural changes in peri-articular bone, cartilage, menisci, and synovium.

Main Results:

  • Advanced imaging can detect structural joint abnormalities before radiographic OA signs are evident.
  • Early MRI findings (e.g., cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions) in asymptomatic individuals are significant.
  • These early changes correlate with symptoms and disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • A new definition of early osteoarthritis is needed to identify at-risk individuals.
  • Early detection of structural changes facilitates timely treatment interventions.
  • Focusing on early OA can potentially alter disease trajectory and improve patient outcomes.