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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...

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Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate via an End-firing Lithium Triborate Crystal Laser

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Intracorporeal laser lithotripsy.

Athanasios G Papatsoris¹, Andreas Skolarikos², Noor Buchholz³

¹University Department of Urology, Sismanoglio Hospital, Athens, Greece ; Department of Urology, Bart and The London NHS Trust, London, UK.

Arab Journal of Urology

|November 12, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Intracorporeal laser lithotripsy is evolving, with the holmium yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser proving most effective for stone removal. Ongoing research explores new laser systems and safety features for ureteroscopes.

Keywords:

EPS, endoscope-protection system Endourology FREDDY, frequency-doubled double-pulse Nd:YAG Ho:YAG, holmium:yttrium–aluminium–garnet Holmium Intracorporeal Laser Lithotripsy PCNL, percutaneous nephrolithotomy Stones URS, ureteroscopy

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Area of Science:

Urology
Medical Technology
Laser Physics

Background:

Intracorporeal laser lithotripsy is a key procedure for stone management.
Technological advancements continuously refine laser lithotripsy techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively review the existing scientific literature on intracorporeal laser lithotripsy.
To identify the most effective laser technologies and factors influencing stone fragmentation.

Main Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed.
Keywords included 'laser', 'lithotripsy', and 'intracorporeal'.
125 relevant reports were analyzed.

Main Results:

Stone fragmentation efficiency is influenced by laser parameters (wavelength, pulse duration, energy) and stone properties.
The holmium yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser is the most effective for all stone types and locations.
Emerging lasers (Erb:YAG, Thulium) and safety systems for flexible ureteroscopes are under investigation.

Conclusions:

Laser lithotripsy technology is rapidly advancing.
The Ho:YAG laser remains the gold standard for intracorporeal lithotripsy.
Vigilance for rare complications is essential.