The role of theory-based outcome frameworks in program evaluation: Considering the case of contribution analysis

In an era demanding greater accountability and the demonstration of positive outcomes and impacts, the field for the evaluation of interventions, program development and outreach projects is being challenged in many fields, including education, medical care, public health and social development. In consequence, the leaders in this field significantly changed their approaches to the evaluation of such interventions. Evaluators noted that simple linear models of evaluation do not address the wider community of interests and stakeholders involved in today's innovative and wide-reaching programs. Moreau raises the possible usefulness of contribution analysis in responding to the calls for broader accountability. In this commentary, the elements of these emerging approaches are reviewed and explained for teachers with reporting responsibilities in health sciences education. The presentation is intended to expand on Moreau's argument and suggestions such that educators may be able to consider the use of theory-based evaluations, such as contribution analyses, in the evaluation of their institutional programs and interventions. These possible applications are especially relevant to the increasingly more complicated and complex interventions that characterize many of the educational interventions as more health profession programs are moved into and impact on the larger societal community.