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Related Concept Videos

Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

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The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
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Permeability of Concrete01:25

Permeability of Concrete

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Permeability in the context of concrete refers to how easily liquids or gases can pass through the material. This quality is crucial for assessing the water-tightness and durability of concrete structures and their resistance to chemical attacks. Concrete permeability can be determined through comparative laboratory tests. These tests typically involve sealing a concrete specimen from the sides, applying water pressure to the top surface with pressure, and measuring the amount of water passing...
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Total Voids in Concrete01:12

Total Voids in Concrete

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Total voids in concrete encompass gel water volume, capillary pores, and entrapped air. Gel water (retained within the cement hydration products) and physically entrapped or adsorbed water are significant for the hydration process. For complete hydration, it's estimated that the space needed for the products of a cubic centimeter of cement doubles. Capillary pores constitute the unoccupied space within the hydrated cement paste, with their size largely influenced by the water-to-cement...
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Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate01:20

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

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Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
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Types of Fluids01:27

Types of Fluids

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Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
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Characteristics of Fluids01:20

Characteristics of Fluids

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When a force is applied parallel to the top surface of a solid, it resists the applied force due to the internal frictional forces between the layers of the solid known as shearing resistance. However, when the force is removed, the shearing forces restore the original shape of the solid. Other deformation forces also cause temporary changes in shape if the forces are not beyond a threshold magnitude. Solids tend to retain their shape, making the study of their rest and motion easier. Beyond...
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Microfluidic Devices for Characterizing Pore-scale Event Processes in Porous Media for Oil Recovery Applications
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Liquids with permanent porosity.

Nicola Giri1, Mario G Del Pópolo2,3, Gavin Melaugh2

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.

Nature
|November 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed free-flowing liquids with permanent porosity, overcoming limitations of solid materials for applications like carbon dioxide capture. These novel porous liquids offer significant advantages in chemical processes and gas solubility.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Porous solids like zeolites and metal-organic frameworks are valuable for separations and catalysis but face implementation challenges in conventional flow systems.
  • Liquid solvents are preferred for some applications, such as carbon dioxide capture, due to easier integration into existing infrastructure.
  • A key challenge is combining fluidity with permanent porosity for advanced chemical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create free-flowing liquids with bulk properties determined by permanent porosity.
  • To develop novel porous materials that overcome the limitations of traditional solid adsorbents.
  • To enable new possibilities in molecular separation, catalysis, and gas storage.

Main Methods:

  • Design of cage molecules with well-defined pore spaces.
  • High solubility of cage molecules in solvents too large to enter the pores.
  • Synthesis of highly soluble 'scrambled' porous cages from commercial reagents.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high concentrations of unoccupied cages (approx. 500x greater than conventional solutions).
  • Demonstrated an eightfold increase in methane gas solubility.
  • Developed a scalable, one-step synthesis route for the porous liquid materials.

Conclusions:

  • Introduced a new class of functional porous materials: free-flowing porous liquids.
  • The design principle focuses on cage molecules insoluble to the solvent, preventing pore penetration.
  • These materials offer a promising platform for advanced chemical separations and processes.