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High-power lasers for directed-energy applications.

Phillip Sprangle, Bahman Hafizi, Antonio Ting

|November 13, 2015

Summary

Naval Research Laboratory scientists demonstrated high-power fiber laser propagation for directed-energy applications. Combining lasers effectively overcomes atmospheric turbulence, paving the way for advanced laser weapon systems.

Area of Science:

Physics
Optical Engineering
Directed Energy

Background:

Directed-energy (DE) applications require high-power lasers capable of atmospheric propagation.
Atmospheric conditions like turbulence, absorption, scattering, and thermal blooming significantly impact laser beam quality and intensity.
Achieving required power levels necessitates combining multiple laser sources.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and discuss research programs at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) focused on high-power lasers for DE applications.
To investigate the atmospheric propagation characteristics of combined laser beams, comparing coherent and incoherent combining methods.
To assess the feasibility of using combined kW-class fiber lasers for practical DE applications.

Main Methods:

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Review of NRL research programs on high-power lasers for DE.

Experimental demonstration of high-power laser propagation through a turbulent atmosphere using combined fiber lasers.

Comparison of propagation characteristics for coherently and incoherently combined beams without adaptive optics.

Main Results:

Successfully propagated 5 kW total power from four incoherently combined fiber lasers over 3.2 km in a turbulent atmosphere.
Demonstrated wireless recharging capabilities using the high-power laser system.
Found minimal difference in energy on target between coherent and incoherent combining for multi-km ranges in moderate to high turbulence.
Identified significant practical challenges with coherent combining, including stringent requirements for laser linewidth and polarization alignment.

Conclusions:

Incoherent combining of kW-class fiber lasers is a viable method for achieving high-power laser propagation in turbulent atmospheres for DE applications.
The experimental results support the development of the Navy's Laser Weapon System.
Coherent combining presents substantial technical hurdles for high-power laser systems due to strict laser parameter requirements, making incoherent combining more practical currently.