Overview of transparent optical ceramics for high-energy lasers at NRL

In this review, we present our recent research progress at the Naval Research Laboratory in the development of highly transparent and rugged ceramic window materials such as MgAl2O4 spinel and β-SiC; high-power solid-state laser gain materials based on sesquioxide such as Yb(3+):Y2O3, Yb(3+):Lu2O3, and Ho(3+):Lu2O3; and composite ceramics in the application for high-energy lasers. Various powder synthesis/purification methods and powder post-process techniques necessary to create high-purity powders are described. Ceramic fabrication processes and chemical, morphological, and optical properties of the ceramics developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) are highlighted. We also report high-efficiency lasing from a hot-pressed rare-earth sesquioxide single layer and composite ceramics made from coprecipitated powder.