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Related Concept Videos

pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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Pre-mRNA Processing02:01

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Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

In Vitro SUMOylation Assay to Study SUMO E3 Ligase Activity
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In Vitro SUMOylation Assay to Study SUMO E3 Ligase Activity

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Roles for SUMO in pre-mRNA processing.

Patrick K Nuro-Gyina1, Jeffrey D Parvin1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Informatics and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
|November 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-1 protein is crucial for gene expression. SUMOylation of transcription factors enhances RNA polymerase II complex formation, boosting gene activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • Post-translational Modifications

Background:

  • Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-1 protein localizes to active gene promoters and exons.
  • SUMOylation is implicated in regulating gene expression processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of SUMOylation in transcription initiation, pre-mRNA processing, and polyadenylation.
  • To propose a mechanism for SUMOylation's role in high-level gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of SUMOylation's involvement in gene expression.
  • Discussion of SUMOylation's impact on transcription factors and RNA processing.

Main Results:

  • SUMO-1 modification is found on proteins at active gene promoters and exons.
  • Inhibition of SUMO-1 modification reduces mRNA synthesis and splicing initiation.

Conclusions:

  • SUMOylation of factors at high-activity gene promoters may facilitate RNA polymerase II complex formation.
  • This coordinated complex formation integrates stimulatory signals for high-level gene expression.