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Actions of thrombin in the interstitium
G G de Ridder1, R L Lundblad2, S V Pizzo1
1Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis : JTH
|November 14, 2015
Summary
This review explores thrombin's role in interstitial fibrosis. While not directly measured in tissues, evidence suggests thrombin contributes to fibrosis through its actions on fibrin and fibroblasts.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Physiology
- Pathology
Background:
- Thrombin is a key enzyme in hemostasis, essential for fibrin formation and platelet aggregation.
- Increasing evidence implicates thrombin in the pathogenesis of interstitial fibrosis.
- Direct measurement of interstitial thrombin activity is lacking; its presence is inferred from downstream products.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review mechanisms of interstitial thrombin formation.
- To discuss the actions of thrombin within the interstitial space.
- To examine regulatory processes of interstitial thrombin activity.
- To present evidence supporting thrombin's role in fibrosis.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes existing literature and research findings.
- Focuses on biochemical and physiological mechanisms.
- Examines indirect evidence for interstitial thrombin's role.
Main Results:
- Thrombin formation in the interstitial space is proposed through various mechanisms.
- Thrombin exhibits diverse actions beyond hemostasis, potentially promoting fibrosis.
- Regulation of thrombin activity in the interstitium is complex and not fully understood.
- Indirect evidence, including fibrin deposition and fibroblast activation, supports thrombin's involvement in fibrotic processes.
Conclusions:
- Thrombin is a potential mediator of interstitial fibrosis.
- Further research is needed to directly demonstrate and quantify interstitial thrombin activity.
- Understanding thrombin's role could lead to novel antifibrotic therapies.
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