Review: Capripoxvirus Diseases: Current Status and Opportunities for Control

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Virology
• Epizootiology
• Immunology

Background:

• Lumpy skin disease, sheeppox, and goatpox are significant capripoxvirus (CPXV) infections impacting domestic ruminants.
• These diseases cause substantial economic losses in cattle, sheep, and goat farming, particularly in endemic areas.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current geographical distribution, economic impact, epidemiology, transmission, and immunity of CPXV.
• To scrutinize available vaccines, identify resource needs, and challenges for disease control and eradication.
• To discuss progress in developing safer, more effective vaccines and their field evaluation.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of CPXV epidemiology, transmission, and immunity.
• Analysis of current vaccine strategies, including field efficacy.
• Examination of genomic databases for poxviruses.

Main Results:

• CPXV poses a high impact on livestock industries globally.
• Current vaccines face challenges in efficacy and resource allocation for widespread control.
• Genomic data offers potential for improved vaccine development.

Conclusions:

• Effective CPXV control requires addressing challenges in vaccine accessibility and efficacy.
• Further research into novel vaccine technologies and genomic insights is crucial for eradication efforts.
• Integrated strategies are needed to mitigate the economic impact of these devastating ruminant diseases.