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Treatment of childhood tuberculosis in India

S Swaminathan1, K S Sachdeva2

  • 1Department of Health Research.

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
|November 14, 2015
PubMed

Insights

India

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • India bears a significant portion of the global tuberculosis (TB) burden, placing children at high risk.
  • The Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) offers free diagnosis and treatment for pediatric TB.
  • Recent guideline revisions aim to improve TB care for children in India.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the current strategies and recent updates in India's national TB control program for children.
  • To highlight key areas for improvement in pediatric TB management and prevention.
  • To inform stakeholders about the evolving landscape of TB control in Indian children.

Main Methods:

  • Review of India's Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme guidelines and practices.
  • Analysis of diagnostic algorithms and treatment regimens for pediatric TB.
  • Examination of active case-finding strategies and preventive therapy approaches.

Main Results:

  • Updated diagnostic approaches and a shift to daily fixed-dose combination (FDC) pills with WHO-recommended dosages.
  • Active case finding implemented in high-risk populations, including TB patient households, HIV-infected, and malnourished children.
  • Emphasis on strengthening TB case notification and adherence to Standards of TB Care in the private sector.

Conclusions:

  • India's RNTCP is implementing child-friendly, daily regimens and updated diagnostics for pediatric TB.
  • Enhanced focus is needed on preventive therapy for young contacts and multidrug-resistant TB detection in children.
  • Strengthening private sector engagement is crucial for comprehensive TB control in children.

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