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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Reversibility and criticality in amorphous solids.

Ido Regev1,2,3, John Weber4, Charles Reichhardt2,3

  • 1School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

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|November 14, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Yield onset in amorphous solids is explained by diverging avalanche sizes at critical strain. This critical behavior resembles front depinning, revealing insights into material deformation and chaos.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • The physical mechanisms driving the onset of permanent deformation (yield) in amorphous solids remain poorly understood.
  • Amorphous solids are intrinsically disordered materials where atomic-scale rearrangements govern macroscopic behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the fundamental physical processes governing yield in disordered amorphous solids.
  • To investigate the role of atomic-scale rearrangements and their collective behavior during material deformation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized molecular dynamics simulations to model atomic behavior under deformation.
  • Employed mean-field theory to analyze the collective dynamics of atomic rearrangements.
  • Compared observed non-equilibrium critical behavior with established 'front depinning' models.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that cluster sizes of atoms undergoing cooperative rearrangements (avalanches) diverge at a critical strain amplitude.
  • Established a connection between this critical behavior and front depinning transitions.
  • Explained the transition from periodic to chaotic behavior in terms of depinning dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The onset of yield in highly jammed amorphous systems can be understood as an irreversibility transition.
  • This transition may be a consequence of a depinning phenomenon in systems with unquenched disorder.
  • Findings provide a new framework for understanding deformation and failure in disordered materials.