Divergence Insufficiency Esotropia: Surgical Treatment

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Strabismus Surgery

Background:

• Divergence insufficiency esotropia (DIE) is an acquired comitant esotropia.
• It is characterized by a distance deviation that is at least 10 prism diopters (Δ) larger than the near deviation.
• This condition is most commonly observed in older adults and is also referred to as age-related distance esotropia.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding and treatment of divergence insufficiency esotropia.
• To discuss the evolution of surgical interventions for this condition.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on divergence insufficiency esotropia.
• Discussion of established and emerging surgical techniques.

Main Results:

• Surgical treatment is frequently indicated for patients with DIE who are intolerant to prism therapy or present with large esotropic angles.
• Current standard surgical procedures include unilateral or bilateral lateral rectus resection and medial rectus recession.

Conclusions:

• Surgical management is a key treatment modality for divergence insufficiency esotropia.
• Ongoing research into novel techniques, such as lateral rectus equatorial myopexy, may offer future therapeutic advancements.