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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis

Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis

Published on: July 6, 2021

Differential Stoichiometry among Core Ribosomal Proteins.

Nikolai Slavov¹, Stefan Semrau², Edoardo Airoldi³

¹Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Statistics and FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

|November 14, 2015

Summary

Ribosome protein composition varies with growth conditions and mRNA binding. This protein variability impacts cell fitness, suggesting distinct ribosome functions.

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Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Ribosome structure and protein stoichiometry are crucial for protein synthesis.
Evidence suggests potential variability in ribosomal protein composition, challenging the fixed stoichiometry model.

Purpose of the Study:

To directly quantify ribosomal proteins (RPs) in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) and budding yeast.
To investigate the impact of growth conditions and mRNA binding on RP stoichiometry.
To correlate RP enrichment in polysomes with cellular fitness upon RP gene deletion.

Main Methods:

Quantitative mass spectrometry was employed to measure RP levels.
Analysis was performed on monosomes and polysomes from ESC and yeast cells.
Cellular fitness was assessed in yeast strains with deleted RP genes.

Main Results:

RP stoichiometry in yeast and ESC is not fixed and varies with growth conditions.
The number of ribosomes per mRNA influences RP composition.
Cellular fitness is inversely related to the polysomal enrichment of RPs from deleted genes.

Conclusions:

Findings support the existence of ribosomes with heterogeneous protein compositions.
Distinct ribosome populations may possess specialized physiological functions.
Ribosome composition variability is a key factor in cellular adaptation and function.