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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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To understand intra-specific interactions in populations, scientists measure the spatial arrangement of species individuals. This geographic arrangement is known as the species distribution or dispersion. Highly territorial species exhibit a uniform distribution pattern, in which individuals are spaced at relatively equal distances from one another. Species that are highly tied to particular resources, such as food or shelter, tend to concentrate around those resources, and thus exhibit a...
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Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations
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Effect of Spatial Dispersion on Evolutionary Stability: A Two-Phenotype and Two-Patch Model.

Qing Li1, Jiahua Zhang2, Boyu Zhang3

  • 1School of Mathematical Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.

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|November 14, 2015
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Summary

This study explores evolutionary game dynamics in patchy environments. Spatial dispersion and density effects create complex dynamics, with outcomes sensitive to initial conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Game Theory
  • Mathematical Ecology
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Evolutionary game dynamics often simplify environments.
  • Patchy environments introduce spatial complexity.
  • Density dependence influences population interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate evolutionary game dynamics in a heterogeneous patchy environment.
  • Analyze the impact of spatial dispersion and density effects.
  • Understand how patchiness complicates evolutionary outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a simple two-phenotype, two-patch model.
  • Incorporated patch-dependent migration rates.
  • Analyzed equilibria and their stability.

Main Results:

  • The model exhibits complex dynamical behavior.
  • Identified up to twelve equilibria, with four being stable.
  • Spatial dispersion significantly complicates evolutionary games.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary outcomes in patchy environments are highly sensitive to initial conditions.
  • Heterogeneity and spatial structure are crucial factors in evolutionary dynamics.
  • Simple models can reveal complex emergent behaviors in ecological systems.