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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Author Spotlight: Double Posteromedial Approach for Treating Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts
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Current Concepts for Patellar Dislocation.

Maximilian Petri1, Max Ettinger2, Timo Stuebig1

  • 1Department of Trauma, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Archives of Trauma Research
|November 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonoperative treatment is recommended for most first-time patellar dislocations, even with identified risk factors. Surgery is reserved for significant associated injuries or recurrent dislocations.

Keywords:
Evidence-Based MedicineKneeMedial Patellofemoral LigamentPatellaPatellar DislocationPatellofemoral Instability

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Lateral patellar dislocation frequently causes Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) rupture.
  • Patellofemoral instability following dislocation has identified prognostic factors, yet optimal treatment remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on surgical versus conservative management of patellar dislocation and patellofemoral instability.
  • To evaluate treatment efficacy based on anatomical risk factors and patient demographics.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of Medline and reference lists for studies on patellar dislocation treatment.
  • Analysis of anatomical risk factors including patella alta, TT-TG distance, trochlear dysplasia, and torsional abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • Early assessment of anatomical risk factors is crucial for patient counseling.
  • No significant difference in outcomes between surgical and conservative treatments for first-time patellar dislocations in all age groups.
  • Nonoperative management is indicated for the majority of initial patellar dislocations.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical intervention for patellar dislocation is primarily indicated for significant concomitant injuries like osteochondral fractures.
  • Recurrent patellar dislocations represent a secondary indication for surgical treatment.