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Breaking evolutionary constraint with a tradeoff ratchet.

Marjon G J de Vos1, Alexandre Dawid2, Vanda Sunderlikova3

  • 1Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (FOM Institute AMOLF), 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental variability and cross-environmental tradeoffs help overcome genetic constraints in evolution. Fluctuating environments allow continuous adaptation by escaping evolutionary stasis, a key finding for understanding adaptation.

Keywords:
constraintenvironmentepistasisevolutionfitness landscape

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Epistatic interactions create genetic constraints, potentially hindering evolutionary adaptation.
  • Phenotypic evolution can stall when necessary mutations require simultaneous fixation.
  • The impact of environmental variability on these evolutionary constraints is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how environmental variability affects genetic constraints during evolution.
  • To model genotype-environment interactions using the Escherichia coli lac operon.

Main Methods:

  • Studied genetic constraints in fixed and fluctuating environments.
  • Utilized the Escherichia coli lac operon as a model system.
  • Employed a Markov approach to develop a mathematical framework for quantifying landscape-crossing rates.

Main Results:

  • In fixed environments, evolutionary trajectories became trapped at suboptimal states.
  • Repeatedly switching between environments enabled unconstrained adaptation and continuous improvement.
  • Cross-environmental tradeoffs reposition fitness peaks, allowing trapped genotypes to escape adaptive stasis.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental change can overcome genetic constraints, facilitating adaptive evolution.
  • Cross-environmental tradeoffs can promote adaptation rather than impede it.
  • The observed ratchet-like adaptive mechanism is robust across various fluctuating environments.