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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
Published on: February 16, 2022
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A Review on Noma: A Recent Update.
Nipun Ashok1, Bassel Tarakji, Shourouk Darwish
1. nipunashok@gmail.com.
Global Journal of Health Science
|November 18, 2015
Summary
Noma, a severe gangrenous infection, disproportionately affects malnourished children in developing nations and is increasingly seen in HIV patients. Early intervention and prevention are crucial despite advances in antibiotic treatment.
Area of Science:
- Oral Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Noma is a neglected tropical disease characterized by rapid gangrenous destruction of oral and facial tissues.
- Primarily affecting malnourished children in developing countries, noma incidence is rising in HIV-positive individuals.
- Associated conditions include cyclic neutropenia, herpetic stomatitis, leukemia, Down syndrome, and Burkitt's lymphoma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent literature on noma from January 2003 to August 2014.
- To provide an updated overview of noma's epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed.
- Keywords used were "noma" and "cancrum oris" to identify relevant articles.
Main Results:
- Noma predominantly affects malnourished children and shows increased incidence in HIV patients.
- Treatment involves blood transfusions, IV fluids, antibiotics, high-protein diet, and debridement.
- The surgical phase is typically delayed 6-18 months post-quiescence.
Conclusions:
- Modern antibiotics have reduced noma mortality, but significant functional, cosmetic, and psychological challenges persist.
- Preventive measures and early medical intervention are essential for managing noma.
- Multisectoral government and healthcare professional involvement is vital for disease control.
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